{"id":26415,"date":"2025-08-20T11:49:56","date_gmt":"2025-08-20T11:49:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/programs\/organizational-behavior-professional-certificate__trashed\/lessons\/lesson-5-characteristics-of-the-four-systems-developed-by-rensis-likert\/"},"modified":"2025-08-29T12:51:36","modified_gmt":"2025-08-29T12:51:36","slug":"lesson-5-characteristics-of-the-four-systems-developed-by-rensis-likert","status":"publish","type":"lesson","link":"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/ar\/programs\/organizational-behavior-professional-certificate\/lessons\/lesson-5-characteristics-of-the-four-systems-developed-by-rensis-likert\/","title":{"rendered":"Lesson 5: Characteristics of the Four Systems Developed by Rensis Likert"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Lesson 5: Participative Theories\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Characteristics of the Four Systems Developed by Rensis Likert\n\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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System 1: Exploitative Authoritative<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Rules by being bossy: <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a0The leader uses a commanding style to enforce their authority, often using threats and punishment to motivate employees.<\/span><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Very centralized: <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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The leader holds all the power and control, with little input or involvement from others in the organisation.<\/span><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Top-down communication: <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a0Communication flows primarily from the leader to subordinates, with little opportunity for feedback or input from employees.<\/span><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Subordinates uninvolved in decisions: <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a0Employees are not involved in the decision-making process and are expected to carry out orders without question.<\/span><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Mistrust and antagonism are common: <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a0Due to the lack of involvement and communication, there is often a sense of mistrust and antagonism between the leader and employees.<\/span><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Mediocre performance results: <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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The Exploitative Authoritative system is often associated with low productivity, poor performance, and high turnover, as employees are disengaged and feel undervalued.<\/span><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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System 2: Benevolent Authoritative\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Sometimes allows a slight amount of participation: <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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The leader in this system may allow some participation from subordinates, but the ultimate decision-making power still resides with the leader. This participation is usually limited and not fully representative of the views of the employees.<\/span><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Follows most of the System 1 ideas, except less extreme: <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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The Benevolent Authoritative system follows many of the same ideas as the Exploitative Authoritative system, but to a lesser degree. The leader may still be quite authoritarian and exert a high degree of control, but may also be somewhat more open to feedback and input from subordinates.<\/span><\/h5>
\u00a0<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Still top-down oriented: <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a0Communication still flows primarily from the leader to subordinates, although the leader may be somewhat more open to receiving feedback and input.<\/span><\/h5>
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Performance is fair: <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a0This system is associated with moderate levels of productivity and performance. While employees may feel somewhat more engaged than in the Exploitative Authoritative system, they may still feel somewhat disempowered and undervalued.<\/span><\/h5>
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System 3: Consultative\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Allows more participation and involvement in decision-making: <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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In this system, the leader encourages participation and input from subordinates. While the leader still has the final say in decision-making, employees are given a voice and their input is valued.<\/span><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Some delegation of authority: <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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The leader may delegate some decision-making authority to subordinates, allowing them to take ownership of their work and contribute to the success of the organisation.<\/span><\/h5>
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Moderate to good performance patterns: <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a0This system is associated with moderate to good levels of productivity and performance. Employees feel more engaged and invested in their work, which can lead to improved performance and higher job satisfaction.<\/span><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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System 4: Participative\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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People who must live with decisions have a hand in making those decisions: <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a0In this system, decision-making is decentralized and involves input from all employees who will be affected by the decision. The leader encourages participation from all members of the organisation and values their input in decision-making.<\/span><\/h5>
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Groups make decisions: <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a0The focus in this system is on group decision-making. Teams and committees are formed to make decisions, and the leader works with these groups to facilitate the decision-making process.<\/span><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Good two-way communication: <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a0Communication in this system is open, honest, and frequent. The leader encourages feedback and input from employees, and employees feel comfortable sharing their thoughts and opinions with the leader.<\/span><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Excellent productivity: <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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The System 4 Participative management system is associated with high levels of productivity, as employees feel empowered and engaged in their work. They have a sense of ownership over their work and are committed to the success of the organisation.<\/span><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Self-guidance is practiced where possible: <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a0In this system, employees are encouraged to take ownership of their work and make decisions independently where possible. The leader acts as a facilitator and provides guidance and support as needed, but ultimately employees are trusted to make decisions that are in the best interest of the organisation.<\/span><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","class_list":["post-26415","lesson","type-lesson","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nLesson 5: Characteristics of the Four Systems Developed by Rensis Likert - Certifeka-edu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/ar\/programs\/organizational-behavior-professional-certificate\/lessons\/lesson-5-characteristics-of-the-four-systems-developed-by-rensis-likert\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lesson 5: Characteristics of the Four Systems Developed by Rensis Likert - Certifeka-edu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Lesson 5: Participative Theories Characteristics of the Four Systems Developed by Rensis Likert System 1: Exploitative Authoritative Rules by being bossy: \u00a0The leader uses a commanding style to enforce their authority, often using threats and punishment to motivate employees. 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