{"id":35099,"date":"2025-09-21T21:30:05","date_gmt":"2025-09-21T21:30:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/programs\/strategic-planning-professional-certificate-2\/lessons\/lesson-3-how-mergers-are-structured-2\/"},"modified":"2025-09-21T21:30:05","modified_gmt":"2025-09-21T21:30:05","slug":"lesson-3-how-mergers-are-structured-2","status":"publish","type":"lesson","link":"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/ar\/programs\/sample-course\/lessons\/lesson-3-how-mergers-are-structured-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Lesson 3: How Mergers Are Structured"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"96\" height=\"114\" src=\"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/logos-png-01-296x57-1.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/logos-png-01-296x57-1.png 96w, https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/logos-png-01-296x57-1-10x12.png 10w, https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/logos-png-01-296x57-1-42x50.png 42w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 96px) 100vw, 96px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<h2>Lesson 3: Corporate Strategy &#8211; Part Two<\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">How Mergers Are Structured<\/h3>\n<h5>Mergers can be structured in a number of different ways, based on the relationship between the two companies involved in the deal:<\/h5>\n<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1710\" open>\n<summary data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1710\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t Horizontal merger:<br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n<h5>Two companies that are in direct competition and share the same product lines and markets.<\/h5>\n<\/details>\n<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1711\" >\n<summary data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1711\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t Vertical merger:<br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n<h5>A customer and company or a supplier and company. Think of an ice cream maker merging with a cone supplier<\/h5>\n<\/details>\n<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1712\" >\n<summary data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1712\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t Congeneric mergers<br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n<h5>Two businesses that serve the same consumer base in different ways, such as a TV manufacturer and a cable company.<\/h5>\n<\/details>\n<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1713\" >\n<summary data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1713\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t Market-extension merger<br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n<h5>Two companies that sell the same products in different markets.<\/h5>\n<\/details>\n<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1714\" >\n<summary data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1714\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t Product-extension merger<br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n<h5 id=\"el_1736587298750_379\" tabindex=\"0\" contenteditable=\"\" data-element-id=\"ebookHeading4\" data-node-type=\"text\" data-magic=\"col-description\">Two companies selling different but related products in the same market<\/h5>\n<\/details>\n<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1715\" >\n<summary data-accordion-index=\"6\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1715\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t Conglomeration<br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n<h5>Two companies that have no common business areas. Mergers may also be distinguished by following two financing methods, each with its own ramifications for investors<\/h5>\n<\/details>\n<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1716\" >\n<summary data-accordion-index=\"7\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1716\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t Purchase Mergers<br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n<h5>As the name suggests, this kind of merger occurs when one company purchases another company. The purchase is made with cash or through the issue of some kind of debt instrument. The sale is taxable, which attracts the acquiring companies, who enjoy the tax benefits. Acquired assets can be written up to the actual purchase price, and the difference between the book value and the purchase price of the assets can depreciate annually, reducing taxes payable by the acquiring company.<\/h5>\n<\/details>\n<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1717\" >\n<summary data-accordion-index=\"8\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1717\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t Consolidation Mergers<br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n<h5>With this merger, a brand new company is formed, and both companies are bought and combined under the new entity. The tax terms are the same as those of a purchase merger.<\/h5>\n<\/details>\n<h5>Two companies that are in direct competition and share the same product lines and markets.<\/h5>\n<h5>A customer and company or a supplier and company. Think of an ice cream maker merging with a cone supplier<\/h5>\n<h5>Two businesses that serve the same consumer base in different ways, such as a TV manufacturer and a cable company.<\/h5>\n<h5>Two companies that sell the same products in different markets.<\/h5>\n<h5 id=\"el_1736587298750_379\" tabindex=\"0\" contenteditable=\"\" data-element-id=\"ebookHeading4\" data-node-type=\"text\" data-magic=\"col-description\">Two companies selling different but related products in the same market<\/h5>\n<h5>Two companies that have no common business areas. Mergers may also be distinguished by following two financing methods, each with its own ramifications for investors<\/h5>\n<h5>As the name suggests, this kind of merger occurs when one company purchases another company. The purchase is made with cash or through the issue of some kind of debt instrument. The sale is taxable, which attracts the acquiring companies, who enjoy the tax benefits. Acquired assets can be written up to the actual purchase price, and the difference between the book value and the purchase price of the assets can depreciate annually, reducing taxes payable by the acquiring company.<\/h5>\n<h5>With this merger, a brand new company is formed, and both companies are bought and combined under the new entity. The tax terms are the same as those of a purchase merger.<\/h5>","protected":false},"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","class_list":["post-35099","lesson","type-lesson","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lesson 3: How Mergers Are Structured - Certifeka-edu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/ar\/programs\/sample-course\/lessons\/lesson-3-how-mergers-are-structured-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lesson 3: How Mergers Are Structured - Certifeka-edu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Lesson 3: Corporate Strategy &#8211; Part Two How Mergers Are Structured Mergers can be structured in a number of different ways, based on the relationship between the two companies involved in the deal: Horizontal merger: Two companies that are in direct competition and share the same product lines and markets. 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Part Two How Mergers Are Structured Mergers can be structured in a number of different ways, based on the relationship between the two companies involved in the deal: Horizontal merger: Two companies that are in direct competition and share the same product lines and markets. 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