{"id":40190,"date":"2025-10-14T13:55:49","date_gmt":"2025-10-14T13:55:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/programs\/finance-for-strategic-managers-accounting-professional-certificate-2\/lessons\/lesson-1-components-of-published-accounts-2\/"},"modified":"2025-10-14T13:55:49","modified_gmt":"2025-10-14T13:55:49","slug":"lesson-1-components-of-published-accounts-2","status":"publish","type":"lesson","link":"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/ar\/programs\/sample-course\/lessons\/lesson-1-components-of-published-accounts-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Lesson 1: Components of Published Accounts"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"96\" height=\"114\" src=\"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/logos-png-01-296x57-1.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/logos-png-01-296x57-1.png 96w, https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/logos-png-01-296x57-1-10x12.png 10w, https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/logos-png-01-296x57-1-42x50.png 42w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 96px) 100vw, 96px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<h2>Lesson 1: Essential Accounting and Financial Reports<br \/>\n<\/h2>\n<h3>Components of Published Accounts<\/h3>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"128\" height=\"128\" src=\"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Img4-1.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Img4-1.png 128w, https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Img4-1-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Img4-1-50x50.png 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 128px) 100vw, 128px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<h5>Published Accounts Definition<\/h5>\n<h5>The published accounts are the financial statements that every company has to issue annually<\/h5>\n<h5>These accounts of a company are published to give greater publicity to the company and to enable the members, investors and public at large to understand the profitability and financial positions of the concern.<\/h5>\n<h5>It is used to examine Profit utilization, Profit quality, Balance sheet strength and Trends with time (what do a series of accounts, representing several years).<\/h5>\n<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1010\" open>\n<summary data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1010\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t Annual Accounts<br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"128\" height=\"128\" src=\"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img6.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img6.png 128w, https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img6-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img6-50x50.png 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 128px) 100vw, 128px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<h5>Annual Accounts (Income statement) and Balance Sheet The annual accounts of a company consist of profit and loss account and a balance sheet.<\/h5>\n<h5>In case of non-trading concerns income and expenditure account is prepared instead of a profit and loss account. The balance sheet shows the financial position of the company on a particular date<\/h5>\n<h5>The Board of Directors must have annual accounts of the company prepared and present to them before the annual general meeting of the shareholders<\/h5>\n<h5>The profit and loss account should be prepared for a period to the date of the meeting if it is the first annual general meeting.<br \/>The balance sheet of a company must give a true and fair view of the affairs of the company as at the end of a financial year<\/h5>\n<\/details>\n<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1011\" >\n<summary data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1011\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t Profit and Loss<br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"128\" height=\"128\" src=\"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img7.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img7.png 128w, https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img7-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img7-50x50.png 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 128px) 100vw, 128px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<h5>Profit and Loss account of a company must give a true and fair view of the profit or loss of the company for the financial year.<\/h5>\n<\/details>\n<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1012\" >\n<summary data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1012\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t Account Board of Director Report<br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"240\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img8.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img8.jpg 240w, https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img8-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img8-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img8-50x50.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<h5>The report shall deal with the following<\/h5>\n<h5>The state of company&#8217;s a.<\/h5>\n<h5>\u00a0<\/h5>\n<h5>ffairs, the amount if any reserves if any, amount dividend (if any), material changes and commitments affecting the financial position, Conservation of energy, technology absorption, foreign exchange earnings and outgo.<br \/>Fullest information and explanations about every reservation, qualification or adverse remarks in the auditor&#8217;s report.<\/h5>\n<h5>Directors&#8217; responsibility statement.<\/h5>\n<\/details>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"128\" height=\"128\" src=\"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img6.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img6.png 128w, https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img6-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img6-50x50.png 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 128px) 100vw, 128px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<h5>Annual Accounts (Income statement) and Balance Sheet The annual accounts of a company consist of profit and loss account and a balance sheet.<\/h5>\n<h5>In case of non-trading concerns income and expenditure account is prepared instead of a profit and loss account. The balance sheet shows the financial position of the company on a particular date<\/h5>\n<h5>The Board of Directors must have annual accounts of the company prepared and present to them before the annual general meeting of the shareholders<\/h5>\n<h5>The profit and loss account should be prepared for a period to the date of the meeting if it is the first annual general meeting.<br \/>The balance sheet of a company must give a true and fair view of the affairs of the company as at the end of a financial year<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"128\" height=\"128\" src=\"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img7.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img7.png 128w, https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img7-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img7-50x50.png 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 128px) 100vw, 128px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<h5>Profit and Loss account of a company must give a true and fair view of the profit or loss of the company for the financial year.<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"240\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img8.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img8.jpg 240w, https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img8-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img8-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img8-50x50.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<h5>The report shall deal with the following<\/h5>\n<h5>The state of company&#8217;s a.<\/h5>\n<h5>\u00a0<\/h5>\n<h5>ffairs, the amount if any reserves if any, amount dividend (if any), material changes and commitments affecting the financial position, Conservation of energy, technology absorption, foreign exchange earnings and outgo.<br \/>Fullest information and explanations about every reservation, qualification or adverse remarks in the auditor&#8217;s report.<\/h5>\n<h5>Directors&#8217; responsibility statement.<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"128\" height=\"128\" src=\"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Img5.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Img5.png 128w, https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Img5-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Img5-50x50.png 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 128px) 100vw, 128px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<h5>\u00a0<\/h5>\n<h5>Limitations of Published Accounts<\/h5>\n<h5>\u00a0<\/h5>\n<h5>Many of the balances reported in the accounts involve a large measure of estimation and subjective judgement, e.g. depreciation.<\/h5>\n<h5>They are backward looking rather than forward looking<\/h5>\n<h5>They contain information which is usually based on &#8216;out of date&#8217; historical costs rather than current values.<\/h5>\n<h5>They report some but not all of a company&#8217;s assets and liabilities<\/h5>","protected":false},"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","class_list":["post-40190","lesson","type-lesson","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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