{"id":55171,"date":"2026-04-03T11:50:05","date_gmt":"2026-04-03T11:50:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/programs\/research-for-strategic-development-module-2\/lessons\/lesson-3-types-of-referencing-styles-3-2\/"},"modified":"2026-04-03T11:50:05","modified_gmt":"2026-04-03T11:50:05","slug":"lesson-3-types-of-referencing-styles-3-2","status":"publish","type":"lesson","link":"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/ar\/programs\/research-for-managers-module-ucam-university\/lessons\/lesson-3-types-of-referencing-styles-3-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Lesson 3: Types of referencing styles"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"96\" height=\"114\" src=\"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/logos-png-01-296x57-1.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/logos-png-01-296x57-1.png 96w, https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/logos-png-01-296x57-1-10x12.png 10w, https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/logos-png-01-296x57-1-42x50.png 42w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 96px) 100vw, 96px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<h2>Lesson 3: Referencing Sources<\/h2>\n<h3>Types of referencing styles<\/h3>\n<h5>There are four widely-used referencing styles or conventions.<\/h5>\n<h5>They are called the MLA (Modern Languages Association) system, the APA (American Psychological Association) system, the Harvard system, and the MHRA (Modern Humanities Research Association) system.<\/h5>\n<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1480\" open>\n<summary data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1480\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t MLA (Modern Language Association) style:<br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n<h5 id=\"el_1736587298750_379\" tabindex=\"0\" contenteditable=\"\" data-element-id=\"ebookHeading4\" data-node-type=\"text\" data-magic=\"col-description\"> MLA style is commonly used in the humanities, including literature, philosophy, and languages. It emphasises brevity and simplicity in writing and uses parenthetical citations in the text, with a corresponding Works Cited list at the end of the paper.<\/h5>\n<h5 id=\"el_1736587298750_379\" tabindex=\"0\" contenteditable=\"\" data-element-id=\"ebookHeading4\" data-node-type=\"text\" data-magic=\"col-description\">In-text citations typically include the author&#8217;s last name and the page number, and the Works Cited list includes detailed information about the source, including the author&#8217;s name, publication year, the title of the work, and publisher.<\/h5>\n<h5 id=\"el_1736587298750_379\" tabindex=\"0\" contenteditable=\"\" data-element-id=\"ebookHeading4\" data-node-type=\"text\" data-magic=\"col-description\">For example: There are a number of different referencing styles or conventions but there are four that are used most widely. (Kennedy, 17).<\/h5>\n<\/details>\n<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1481\" >\n<summary data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1481\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t  APA (American Psychological Association) style:<br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n<h5>APA style is commonly used in the social sciences, including psychology, sociology, and education. It emphasises clarity and conciseness in writing and uses parenthetical citations in the text, with a corresponding reference list at the end of the paper.<\/h5>\n<h5>In-text citations typically include the author&#8217;s last name and the publication year, and the reference list includes detailed information about the source, including the author&#8217;s name, publication year, title of the work, and publisher.<\/h5>\n<h5>For example: According to Lee (1960), &#8220;You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view&#8230;until you climb into his skin and walk around in it&#8221; (p. 30).<\/h5>\n<\/details>\n<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1482\" >\n<summary data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1482\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t Harvard style:<br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n<h5>Harvard style is commonly used in social sciences and business studies.<\/h5>\n<h5>It uses parenthetical citations in the text, with a corresponding reference list at the end of the paper. In-text citations typically include the author&#8217;s last name, publication year, and page number (if applicable), and the reference list includes detailed information about the source, including the author&#8217;s name, publication year, title of the work, and publisher.<\/h5>\n<h5>For example: Lodge (1992, p. 43) argues that &#8220;A novel is essentially a comic form, and this is something that can&#8217;t be explained in terms of its content or themes, but only in terms of its formal structures and techniques.&#8221;<\/h5>\n<\/details>\n<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1483\" >\n<summary data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1483\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t  The MHRA system:<br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n<h5>Does not use bracketed references in the body of an essay.<\/h5>\n<h5>Instead, superscript numbers like this 1 are linked to a sequence of notes which appear either at the foot of the page or in a section at the end of your essay.<\/h5>\n<h5>The note contains the full reference for the book or article you are referring to.<br \/>Here&#8217;s what an MHRA note reference looks like:<\/h5>\n<h5>David Kennedy, New Relations: The Refashioning of British Poetry 1980-1994. (Bridgend: Seren, 1996), p.26.<\/h5>\n<\/details>\n<h5 id=\"el_1736587298750_379\" tabindex=\"0\" contenteditable=\"\" data-element-id=\"ebookHeading4\" data-node-type=\"text\" data-magic=\"col-description\"> MLA style is commonly used in the humanities, including literature, philosophy, and languages. It emphasises brevity and simplicity in writing and uses parenthetical citations in the text, with a corresponding Works Cited list at the end of the paper.<\/h5>\n<h5 id=\"el_1736587298750_379\" tabindex=\"0\" contenteditable=\"\" data-element-id=\"ebookHeading4\" data-node-type=\"text\" data-magic=\"col-description\">In-text citations typically include the author&#8217;s last name and the page number, and the Works Cited list includes detailed information about the source, including the author&#8217;s name, publication year, the title of the work, and publisher.<\/h5>\n<h5 id=\"el_1736587298750_379\" tabindex=\"0\" contenteditable=\"\" data-element-id=\"ebookHeading4\" data-node-type=\"text\" data-magic=\"col-description\">For example: There are a number of different referencing styles or conventions but there are four that are used most widely. (Kennedy, 17).<\/h5>\n<h5>APA style is commonly used in the social sciences, including psychology, sociology, and education. It emphasises clarity and conciseness in writing and uses parenthetical citations in the text, with a corresponding reference list at the end of the paper.<\/h5>\n<h5>In-text citations typically include the author&#8217;s last name and the publication year, and the reference list includes detailed information about the source, including the author&#8217;s name, publication year, title of the work, and publisher.<\/h5>\n<h5>For example: According to Lee (1960), &#8220;You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view&#8230;until you climb into his skin and walk around in it&#8221; (p. 30).<\/h5>\n<h5>Harvard style is commonly used in social sciences and business studies.<\/h5>\n<h5>It uses parenthetical citations in the text, with a corresponding reference list at the end of the paper. In-text citations typically include the author&#8217;s last name, publication year, and page number (if applicable), and the reference list includes detailed information about the source, including the author&#8217;s name, publication year, title of the work, and publisher.<\/h5>\n<h5>For example: Lodge (1992, p. 43) argues that &#8220;A novel is essentially a comic form, and this is something that can&#8217;t be explained in terms of its content or themes, but only in terms of its formal structures and techniques.&#8221;<\/h5>\n<h5>Does not use bracketed references in the body of an essay.<\/h5>\n<h5>Instead, superscript numbers like this 1 are linked to a sequence of notes which appear either at the foot of the page or in a section at the end of your essay.<\/h5>\n<h5>The note contains the full reference for the book or article you are referring to.<br \/>Here&#8217;s what an MHRA note reference looks like:<\/h5>\n<h5>David Kennedy, New Relations: The Refashioning of British Poetry 1980-1994. (Bridgend: Seren, 1996), p.26.<\/h5>","protected":false},"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","class_list":["post-55171","lesson","type-lesson","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lesson 3: Types of referencing styles - Certifeka-edu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/certifeka-edu.com\/ar\/programs\/research-for-managers-module-ucam-university\/lessons\/lesson-3-types-of-referencing-styles-3-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lesson 3: Types of referencing styles - Certifeka-edu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Lesson 3: Referencing Sources Types of referencing styles There are four widely-used referencing styles or conventions. 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